I use spatiotemporal neuroimaging (combined fMRI/MEG/EEG), 7T MRI, and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to investigate auditory attention and cognitive control, and the functional modularity and short-term plasticity of human auditory cortex. Our recent results have revealed that auditory selective attention is supported by transient modulations of feature selectivity of auditory cortex neurons. We have also revealed task-dependent modulations of neuronal population tuning in the human auditory cortex "what" and "where" pathways by selective attention. Further, our work demonstrates differential post-stimulus inhibition in anterior and posterior auditory-cortex regions in humans, underlying pre-attentive gating of novel auditory information to consciousness.